全球内存半导体产业集中生产HBM和先进3D NAND，导致2D NAND供应萎缩。三星从3月起逐步停止华城12线2D NAND生产，转为1c DRAM，并通知客户MLC NAND即将停产，最终出货下月。铠侠计划退出2D NAND和第三代BiCS Flash，2029年完全退出。
Samsung, Kioxia Production Cuts Trigger Supply Cliff Alarm for 2D NAND Flash
The global memory semiconductor industry is concentrating its production capacity on high-bandwidth memory (HBM) and advanced 3D NAND flash, causing the supply base for legacy products such as 2D NAND flash to collapse.
According to industry sources on the 12th, Samsung Electronics began in March to gradually halt 2D NAND production at Line 12 of its Hwaseong campus, converting the facility into an “End Fab” for advanced 1c DRAM production. This marks the shutdown of Samsung’s last remaining 2D NAND stronghold, which had wafer capacity of 80,000–100,000 wafers per month.
Samsung’s move is closely tied to the discontinuation of MLC (Multi-Level Cell) NAND, a product that once dominated the market. Samsung has already notified customers of the MLC NAND end-of-life, with final shipments scheduled for next month before supply is completely cut off. MLC stores 2 bits of data per cell — offering lower capacity than 3-bit (TLC) or 4-bit (QLC) architectures, but with superior data retention and endurance. As a result, it has long served as a safety anchor in markets such as medical devices and industrial robotics, where products must operate without failure for more than a decade. Despite this role, the product is being phased out due to weak profitability.
Kioxia notified customers in March of its plan to phase out 2D NAND and 3rd-generation BiCS Flash products. The company will accept final orders through the end of September this year, complete final shipments by December 2028, and fully exit the market beginning in 2029. Micron, meanwhile, is maintaining MLC NAND production only at levels sufficient to meet existing customer demand, and has also announced the wind-down of its consumer brand Crucial.
As low-density commodity NAND volumes rapidly disappear from the market, the supply cliff is deepening. MLC 64Gb spot prices recently traded in the $20–$28 range, more than 300% higher than year-end 2024 levels.
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